Building Pathology is the study of building defects, decay, and performance to develop effective remedial and management solutions. Identifying defects and their causes is the first step, involving visual and physical inspections along with a review of relevant documents. Diagnostic procedures and inspections are then developed to diagnose the defects, requiring the right tools and technology. Recommendations for remediation are provided in a diagnostic report, often accompanied by 3D animated illustrations for complex cases.

Building Forensics investigates incidents or accidents using material evidence, often including witness statements and direct examination of failed components, typically supported by photography. This process aims to determine what happened during the incident or accident, especially in cases where litigation is involved.